Nepal needs to continue its efforts to secure India’s cooperation in providing air routes from Mahendranagar and Nepalgunj, aiming to reduce flight times and attract more international airlines to Gautam Buddha International Airport (GBIA) in Bhairahawa.
This strategic move is crucial for enhancing the airport’s connectivity and boosting tourism and economic activities in the region. However, the Indian government has so far appeared reluctant to grant additional air-entry routes, leaving the fate of Nepal’s newly built international airport uncertain for the past three years. Despite Nepal’s repeated requests, India’s hesitant attitude has hindered progress.
GBIA, inaugurated in May 2022, is Nepal’s second international airport, envisioned as a gateway to the pilgrimage site of Lumbini, the birthplace of Buddha. Despite its strategic importance, the airport has struggled to attract a significant number of international flights, partly due to the lack of direct air routes from key entry points in India.
Nepal has been advocating for new air-entry points through Mahendranagar and Nepalgunj to facilitate smoother and shorter flight paths for international airlines, which would not only reduce flight times but also make GBIA a more attractive destination for airlines and passengers alike. However, Nepal needs to address India’s security concerns regarding the provision of airspace from Mahendranagar and Nepalgunj to GBIA. These concerns primarily revolve around several key points.
Firstly, the proximity to sensitive areas is a significant issue. The proposed air routes from Mahendranagar and Nepalgunj are close to sensitive military basecamps and strategic locations in India. Allowing international flights to use these routes could pose security risks, including potential surveillance or reconnaissance activities. Secondly, integrating new air routes into the existing air traffic management system can be complex. India may have concerns about the increased air traffic and the potential for congestion in already busy air corridors. This complexity requires careful planning and coordination to ensure smooth operations.
Additionally, ensuring the safety of flights using these new routes necessitates robust coordination between Indian and Nepali air traffic control systems. Any lapses in communication or coordination could lead to safety risks, which India is particularly cautious about. Finally, broader geopolitical considerations play a crucial role. India’s strategic interests and its relationships with neighboring countries influence its decision-making process. Granting new air routes involves careful consideration of these factors, as they impact regional stability and security. Therefore, while the new air-entry points could offer significant benefits, addressing these multifaceted concerns is essential for progress.
To convince India to grant these air routes, Nepal should adopt a multi-faceted approach. Firstly, strengthening diplomatic engagement is crucial. Nepal should engage in high-level talks with Indian counterparts to highlight the mutual benefits of improved air connectivity, such as enhanced trade, tourism, and cultural exchange.
One of the early mistakes Nepal made was not seeking timely approval for the proposed airspace from Mahendranagar and Nepalgunj during the initial planning stages of GBIA. This oversight has resulted in prolonged negotiations and missed opportunities for the airport to fully capitalize on its potential as an international hub. Addressing this lapse through proactive and strategic engagement with India is now essential for rectifying the situation and unlocking GBIA’s full potential.
To convince India to grant these air routes, Nepal should adopt a multi-faceted approach. Firstly, strengthening diplomatic engagement is crucial. Nepal should engage in high-level talks with Indian counterparts to highlight the mutual benefits of improved air connectivity, such as enhanced trade, tourism, and cultural exchange. By emphasizing these shared advantages, Nepal can foster a cooperative spirit and underscore the positive impact on both nations.
Secondly, presenting a compelling economic case is essential. Nepal should showcase how the new routes can boost regional economies on both sides of the border. Emphasizing the potential for increased tourism to Lumbini and other nearby attractions can illustrate the tangible economic benefits. This argument can be supported by data and projections that highlight the positive economic impact of enhanced air connectivity.
Thirdly, proposing joint technical assessments can address any security or logistical concerns India might have regarding the new air routes. By collaborating on these assessments, Nepal can build trust and demonstrate its commitment to ensuring safe and efficient air travel. This approach shows a willingness to work together to mitigate any potential risks and find mutually acceptable solutions.
Lastly, broad-based advocacy is important. Nepal should garner support from both public and private sectors, including airlines, tourism boards, and business associations. By amplifying the call for new air routes and demonstrating widespread demand, Nepal can show that this initiative has broad backing and is not just a governmental push.
By adopting a comprehensive and collaborative approach, Nepal can effectively persuade India to provide the necessary air routes, thereby enhancing the connectivity and appeal of Gautam Buddha International Airport (GBIA). This strategy not only addresses India's concerns but also highlights the mutual benefits, fostering a spirit of cooperation and shared progress.
(Shirish A. Adhikari is a seasoned civil engineer and development practitioner with over two decades of experience in the fields of water, sanitation, and hygiene).
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